Addressing the Root Causes of Homelessness: Beyond Housing First

The Housing First policy has faced criticism as homelessness continues to rise. Despite being a key approach, experts argue that its failure is due to shortcomings beyond the policy’s scope. Dr. Benjamin Henwood, a seasoned expert in Housing First, articulates the situation:

Challenges Beyond Housing First

Dr. Henwood notes that providing keys is not enough to end homelessness. Access to mental health care, substance use treatment, and other supportive services is crucial. However, a severe lack of affordable housing exacerbates the issue. Federal housing assistance currently reaches fewer than 25% of eligible households, leaving over 6 million Americans without needed support. These figures stem from historic political choices, not Housing First’s methodology.

The Role of Federal Budget Decisions

Public housing construction funding ceased in the mid-1980s. As a result, housing assistance’s share of the federal budget has dwindled from 2.2% in 1980 to 0.8% now. Such budget decisions by Congress have limited the effectiveness of any service model in an environment of housing scarcity.

The Need for Coordinated Services

Homeless individuals who face challenges like addiction and mental illness require comprehensive clinical intervention. Effective solutions involve collaboration between HUD and agencies like the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, along with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Notably, such collaboration in pairing housing with clinical services reduced veteran homelessness by 56% since 2010.

The Importance of Faith-Based Partnerships

Faith-based organizations have historically played a pivotal role in addressing homelessness. These entities create supportive communities and accountability systems. Successful current programs integrate faith communities with clinical and housing services. This holistic partnership model requires expansion, ensuring that support services are not replacements for stable housing but complements.

The Future of Housing Policy

The 2026 Continuum of Care Program Notice highlights a shift toward transitional housing models. However, evidence from trials in the U.S. and Canada show inferior outcomes compared to Housing First. Hence, any policy changes should be underpinned by rigorous public engagement with the research.

“We all aim for the same outcome: people recovering, living independently, and rebuilding their lives. Evidence shows a well-resourced Housing First approach with ample clinical and social services, alongside sustainable investment in affordable housing, leads the way,” states Dr. Henwood.

Moving forward, a blend of consistent federal investments in housing, collaboration between social services, and involvement of community organizations constitutes the path to ending homelessness effectively.