Lost Papal Letter Offers Fresh Insight into the Norman Conquest

A recent discovery at the University of East Anglia may transform our understanding of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. Professor Tom Licence uncovered overlooked excerpts from a lost papal letter during his examination of historical records within the Vatican archives.

The letter suggests Pope Alexander II may have supported William the Conqueror’s invasion. This new angle arises from the idea that the English sided with his papal rival, Honorius II.

License noted the letter branded the English as “followers of Satan,” portraying them as led astray by an “evil head.” Traditionally, the Battle of Hastings is seen primarily as a struggle over the English throne between King Harold II and William of Normandy. This papal letter, however, introduces a broader political and religious dimension tied to the papal power struggle.

Licence’s research indicated England may have leaned towards Honorius, further explaining Alexander’s backing of the Norman invasion. The understanding of this event now encompasses potential support for Honorius from England, worsening an ongoing conflict between papal factions.

While historians typically view the Battle of Hastings chiefly through dynastic lenses, Licence emphasizes the role of ecclesiastical politics. The letter clarifies Alexander’s rhetoric and his motives for endorsing regime change. This reshaped interpretation underscores Alexander’s role, motivated by the papal struggle rather than merely dynastic ambitions.

Licence’s findings have been published in his book, “Harold: Warrior King,” offering a new perspective on the Conquest’s complexity.