New York City Investigates Legionnaires’ Disease Outbreak on the Upper East Side

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An outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in New York City has resulted in five deaths and 82 infections on the Upper East Side, according to information from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene as of July 21. Eight individuals remain hospitalized, though no new cases have emerged in the past six days, implying a potential resolution. However, the investigation is still in progress.

Understanding Legionnaires’ Disease

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Legionnaires’ disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by inhaling tiny water droplets that contain Legionella bacteria. Common sources of infection include cooling towers, hot tubs, plumbing, cruise ships, and spas. It’s not typically spread from person to person.

We get infected when it gets aerosolized in the water droplets, usually, and we breathe those droplets in.

– Dr. Dana Mordue, New York Medical College

Sources and Infection

Dr. Dana Mordue explains that infection often occurs when someone inhales contaminated air droplets from various water sources. Although household cooling systems and car systems are generally safe, uncleaned humidifiers can become contaminated with Legionella. Outbreaks tend to be connected to commercial-type building water systems.

Symptoms and Risk Factors

Symptoms, according to the CDC, include coughing, shortness of breath, fever, muscle aches, and headaches. Additional symptoms may include diarrhea, nausea, and confusion. Symptoms typically appear between 2 to 14 days after exposure. Antibiotics are the standard treatment.

Mordue notes that the disease presents a higher risk for older adults, smokers, and those with weakened immune systems. The risk factors align closely with those of COVID-19.

Prevention Strategies

The CDC recommends several measures to prevent Legionnaires’ disease:

Maintain building water systems through effective water management programs.
Routine cleaning and disinfection of cooling towers to control bacterial growth.
Prevent stagnant water by ensuring proper water flow and flushing infrequently used pipes.
Maintain water temperatures and disinfectant levels between 77°F and 113°F to inhibit Legionella growth.

Immediate medical attention is advised for anyone exposed who develops symptoms. Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment can significantly reduce the severity of the illness.